The “Residue” Inside Us

I found the following quote years ago and saved it in my files. It comes from David G. Myers, who is a professor of Psychology at Hope College.  

“If social psychologists have proven anything during the last 30 years, they have proven that the actions we take leave a residue inside us. Every time we act, we amplify the underlying idea or tendency behind it. Most people presume the reverse: that our traits and attitudes affect our behavior. While this is true to a certain extent (though less so than commonly supposed), it is also true that our traits and attitudes follow our behavior. We are as likely to act ourselves into a new way of thinking as to think ourselves into a new way of acting.”

There is much that could be profitably explored in what Dr. Myers wrote. Many have resonated with the idea expressed in that last line, but it is the first sentence that I find most striking. If “the actions we take leave a residue inside us,” we had better understand what that “residue” is and what its effect is on human flourishing.

First, we must ask what does Dr. Myers, and the social psychologists he represents, mean by “inside us.” Are we talking about something that happens inside our brain or our soul? Does this residue deposit amount to a neurological condition or a spiritual one?

The question, as I stated it, is misleading. It separates what God has joined together, as if humans are part spiritual and part physical. Instead, humans are spiritual beings that interact with the world through a physical body, or say rather, humans are fully embodied spiritual beings. This is true whether or not they ever pray, attend corporate worship services, or believe in God. Everything that happens “inside us” (as well as “to us”) has spiritual implications because Homo sapiens is a spiritual being.

Another question: What is the residue that is left inside us? If this question implies the “residue” is some foreign substance that originates outside us, it is also misleading (see Jesus’s teaching in Mark 7:15). It might be better to think that what is already “inside us” will become either a residue of evil or a reserve of holiness as we interact with our world. Outside events serve as a kind of spiritual catalyst, and what forms inside us will depend on whether we “live according to the flesh” (Romans 8:13) or are “led by the Spirit.”

During the Second World War, C. S. Lewis addressed this fundamental spiritual process. He said, “Every time you make a choice you are turning the central part of you, the part of you that chooses, into something a little different from what it was before. And taking your life as a whole, with all your innumerable choices, all your life long you are slowly turning this central thing either into a heavenly creature or into a hellish creature…”

Lewis saw human volition – our ability to choose – as key to this process of formation. That ability, which is constantly being influenced by thoughts and feelings, sensations and perceptions, is the mechanism by which we are currently – at this very moment – being formed. I said earlier that what is “inside us” will become “either a residue of evil or a reserve of holiness,” but that is not quite right. We become that residue of evil or we become a person of holiness. What is “being made new” (Colossians 3:10) on the one hand, or being deformed on the other, is nothing other than us.

Lewis warns that “Good and evil both increase at compound interest. That is why the little decisions you and I make every day are of such infinite importance. The smallest good act today is the capture of a strategic point from which, a few months later, you may be able to go on to victories you never dreamed of.”

From there, Lewis went on to give this helpful advice. “Do not waste time bothering whether you ‘love’ your neighbor; act as if you did. As soon as we do this we find one of the great secrets. When you are behaving as if you loved someone, you will presently come to love him.”

That sounds a lot like what Dr. Myers said the social psychologists learned: “We are as likely to act ourselves into a new way of thinking as to think ourselves into a new way of acting.”

The takeaway is this: the God who made us is now remaking us with our input. We play a vital role in the people we are becoming. We may claim that we are simply the product of our past—the abuse we suffered, the neglect we endured, or the poverty in which we were raised, but the reality is that we are a product of the choices we made in those (and all other) situations. We are “coworkers with God” in making the persons we are becoming. That is a both high honor and a momentous calling.

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The Interactive Story (Luke 5:27-29)

This sermon wraps up the Wide-Angle series, in which we surveyed the Bible’s big picture of what God is doing in the world. Wherever we looked in that big picture, we saw Jesus. Like Waldo in the entertaining children’s picture books, we saw Jesus in every scene.

In this sermon, we see something that may seem even more surprising: you are in the picture, too. You are part of God’s never-ending story of love and power and goodness. …You see, the story God has written is an interactive story. He wrote it in such a way that you actually take part in it.

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Could God Be Angry With You?

When theologians talk about what was accomplished through the death of Jesus, they are liable to use the word “propitiation.” Propitiation a term that is situated right at the intersection of God’s justice and his love. It is a dangerous intersection that many pastors and churches would rather avoid.

“To propitiate” means to appease someone who is or may become angry, to deflect his or her anger. We see this happen in the political sphere all the time. A Russian governor holds pro-Kremlin rallies, overstates the oblast’s support for government policies, and repeatedly praises the president, hoping (preemptively or otherwise) to placate the president’s wrath. The same kind of thing happens with increasing frequency in our own country. These examples of propitiation presuppose a leader who uses punishment to control the people around him.

So, is that a reasonable picture of God? Does he use punishment as an instrument of control? Do we need to hold pro-God rallies (Sunday mornings at 11:00) and offer the Almighty extravagant praise, lest his wrath burst out at us? Is God some kind of cosmic tyrant who requires constant appeasement?

That is precisely what the ancient gods of the pagans were like. If the god was angry and refused to send rain, then worshipers would attempt to improve his mood by bringing fruits to his altar, or sacrificing animals to him. Is the God of Jesus like the recalcitrant gods of the ancient pagans? Is that what the biblical God is like?

Not at all. Yet, his anger does need to be propitiated. This is a difficult subject, and it is necessary to proceed carefully.

The biblical framework for the doctrine of propitiation is built on the planks of divine love and divine justice. God is the most loving being in the universe. There are hundreds of biblical passages that testify to divine love, and they must be given their full weight. But there are also nearly 200 verses that include the word “wrath,” and in most of them, God is the one who is angry. These verses must also be given their full weight.

But why would God be angry? Is anger not unbecoming to the Divine Being? Not at all. In fact, if God were never angry it would be hard to maintain that he is a moral being. There are some things that ought to elicit anger from any morally upright person, including God. But we must not think of God as an angry person. He is not.

God’s anger is narrowly focused, while his love is unimaginably wide. God is angry at sin, but he loves loves his creation, including humans. God is angry at sin because he loves his creation. God created us with great plans in mind. He created us and the entire universe to be a glorious, beautiful, and awesome delight. He intends for humans to reign with him over the world. He wants us to “shine like the sun in the kingdom of [our] Father.”  

Peter says that God has called us to eternal glory and Paul says that we were called to share the glory of Jesus Christ.  Paul also says that we will judge the world, and the Revelation reveals that God’s saints are destined to reign upon the earth. I do not know what all is entailed in the term “reign.” But it is big. We are meant to have responsibilities, perhaps cosmic ones.

The biblical term for all this is “glorification.” We will reign with Christ. George MacDonald put it this way: “When God can do what He will with a man, the man may do what he will with the world.” He goes on to imagine what that might look like. The children of God, he says, “shall be … the lords of the lower creation, the bestowers of liberty and peace upon it: then shall the creation, subjected to vanity for their sakes, find its freedom in their freedom, its gladness in their sonship. The animals will glory to serve them, will joy to come to them for help.”  MacDonald may, of course, be wrong, but if he is, we can be confident that the reality will be greater than what he envisions, not less.

God intends for us to share his joy in a perfect universe, where there is no injustice or hatred, no sorrow or death. A universe characterized by “joy unspeakable” and jam-packed with glory. A place of perfect security, yet with unlimited adventure. The desire bred in our bones will at last be satisfied, and not because desire ebbs; if anything it will increase! We will be in the land where men and women drink down joy like we drink water, where the pleasures of the new age are not just contemplated but touched and smelled and tasted. And we will gaze upon the Face that is the joy of all desire.

There is only one problem. Sin. Nothing can stop the realization of this vision except sin, which is entirely incompatible with the glory that awaits us.

We think of sin as embarrassing and unpleasant. God thinks of it as disgusting and poisonous. We think of it as a little messy; he thinks of it as a bio-hazard. We only take sin seriously when it is monstrous, as in the Epstein files, or when it affects us, as when a drunk driver kills our loved one, or a trusted spouse is unfaithful. But God knows that sin is always monstrous. The only reason we do not recoil at the stench of sin is that our spiritual senses have been blunted.

It may help to think of sin as a disease. It insinuates itself into a person and then proceeds to take over, like a cancer. It becomes entangled with a person’s soul, the way an aggressive cancer become enmeshed in some vital organ. It can and will metastasize to the mind, the will, the emotions, even the body. Sin eats a man or woman up even as it propagates itself to others. And God hates it. He hates it with a passion.

The essential symptom of sin is this: It causes a man or woman to recoil from God. If you want to know whether this is true or not, the next time you choose to sin, see what happens to God: he will disappear from your mind and your consciousness. You cannot sin without getting rid of him, and at some deep level we know this is true. And yet, sin’s power is so great that we choose – we mustn’t mince words – we choose to banish God so that we can have our way, even if it is only for a moment! This is why sin is hateful to God. This is why he is angry with sin.

God will dethrone sin, once and for all. It will not, as St. Paul says, reign over us, nor over God’s creation. The anger of God at sin and at those who would spew it across creation has intersected the immeasurable love of God for sinners. And at that intersection of anger and love – of his anger and love – stands a cross, and on it hangs a man.

In his death, Jesus has made it possible for our sins to be separated from ourselves (see 1 Peter 2:24). I don’t claim to understand this. There is mystery here, awful and profound. Christ took our sins and experienced the divine anger against sin in himself. He took the sins of the world and subjected himself to the blast of divine wrath that would destroy them, as a well-placed blast of radiation kills cancer cells.

This is a little of what Scripture means when it says that “He is the propitiation for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world.” (1 John 2:2).

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Good News about the Day of Judgment (2 Cor. 5:10; Rev. 20:11-15)

Judgment. The very word is alarming. It stirs up thoughts of all the bad things we have done, the things we wish would remain hidden. So, why do the psalmists rejoice at the thought of judgment? Why does nature break into singing and dancing (Pss. 96 and 98) in anticipation of it?

This sermon looks at 2 Corinthians 5:9-11 and Revelation 20:11-15 to see what the New Testament teaches about God’s judgment. And we find, perhaps to our surprise, why St. Paul included the judgment in his gospel. It is good news!

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The Epidemic of Foul Speech

It is an epidemic, perhaps even a pandemic, and we are all at risk. The speed at which it has spread has been astounding; what its outcome will be, no one knows. A plague of foul speech – profanity, vulgarity, and insult – has swept across our country and our world. By some accounts, the public use of vulgarity started in Europe, but it has now engulfed the United States and infected countries all over the world.

How has this plague spread? Largely, through the internet, which provides anonymity to some and safe distance for others. A person who only swore privately in his own home forty years ago can now broadcast his profanity from his home to the rest of the world with only a keystroke.

When the infamous “Watergate Tapes” were made public, Richard Nixon was embarrassed and humiliated because the public learned of the foul language that he routinely used in private. Americans did not expect that from their president. They thought he was better than that.

Fast-forward fifty years. The current president has become America’s Vulgarian-in-Chief. Though he did not start this plague, he has made it worse by routinely using foul language in speeches, interviews, and posts. An analysis of President Trump’s communications during his first and second terms shows an increase in his public use of profanity and vulgarity that tops one hundred percent. Defenders claim that this crudity displays the president’s authenticity. Had Richard Nixon’s supporters tried using that line to defend him, they would have been laughed to scorn.

Now that the use of vulgar language has received the president’s imprimatur, both his supporters and his opponents have been emboldened in their use of profanity, condemnation, insult, and threat. (Threats against public officials’ families have increased, according to the Homeland Security Today, by 3700% between 2015 and 2025.)

Vulgarity is not a sign of authenticity. It is a sign of anger and contempt. Wherever these are found, there is a concomitant decrease in respect – respect for institutions like government, media, and the church and, more immediately, respect between individuals. This is most evident in attitudes toward people who are not like us: immigrants, people with a different skin color, another political party, another religion. But it is naïve to think it will stop there. Once contempt has taken root, it will infect every relationship in a person’s life.

Someone who disrespects and shows contempt to a politician can drift easily into disrespecting a parent, spouse, or child. We like to think that we disrespect people because they are not respectable, but we deceive ourselves. Disrespect does not come from outside us. It does not originate in the character of the other person but in our own, where like a cancer it grows and threatens the health of our relationships and the soundness of our hearts.

Lack of respect, which manifests in crudeness, abuse, and vulgarity, does not show up in a heart where humility is present. Put another way, the noxious weeds of crudeness, abuse, and vulgarity cannot grow in the soil of humility. The azaleas you plant around your house may fail to grow even though the clematis is swallowing up the fence and climbing your neighbor’s tree. The soil that produces the one cannot produce the other. A heart that is rich in humility will produce respect, while contempt will die there. On the other hand, when pride fills the heart, contempt grows wildly, but respect withers and dies.

Followers of Jesus should recoil from disrespect, contempt, and vulgarity even when it is aimed at their enemies. They must determine to show respect even when others do not, even when others are not respectable. Jesus said that the world would recognize us as his disciples by our love. Along the same line, John said that we will recognize ourselves as his by our love (1 John 3:14). We will never recognize ourselves as belonging to him, that is, we will never be assured of our salvation, by vulgarity and contempt.

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    When Christ Appears (“When” Is the Wrong Question)

    Interested in last things? Sometimes, that is not healthy. But being interested in the Lord of Last Things is. This sermon explores what there is to love about the appearance of King Jesus–and there is a lot to love!

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    Is It Time to Be Afraid?

    When each of our three sons turned 16, I took them on a Canadian fishing trip. When it was my middle son’s turn, we went to Lake Ogascanan in Quebec. Ogascanan is about 15 miles long, and we were staying on an island in the southern basin of the lake. One morning, we left the cabin and, with the wind at our stern, we guided our 14-foot boat nearly due north, and kept going until we reached the lake’s end. Near the northern-most part of the lake, we passed through a narrow straight (less than 50 feet across) and into smaller, more protected bays.

    We fished in those bays for a few hours. All the time we were there, the winds continued to grow stronger, so that even those small bays had whitecaps. We finally decided to head back on the long ride to our cabin. As soon as we crossed through that narrow straight into the main body of the lake, our bow was struck by four to five-foot waves, directly out of the south. Sometimes the gusts were so strong, I thought our small boat would flip from bow to stern. I was afraid to turn toward shore and take the waves broadside, for I thought we would capsize for sure. I later learned that we had 40-mile-per-hour sustained winds, with gusts that were much higher.

    The wind was so strong that it lifted water off the wave crests and threw it into our faces. When we were within a quarter mile of our island, I noticed the gas can was floating in the stern. Its gauge read empty. Fresh fear surged through me. If we ran out of gas even a hundred yards from the dock, we would be driven far from safety, adrift in the storm.

    If in that moment, someone had said to me, “Why are you cowardly?” I do not think I would have taken it well. But that is exactly what someone did say to Jesus’s disciples at the very moment a dangerous storm was swamping their boat (Matthew 8:26, NET).

    Who said that to the disciples? Jesus. Ouch!

    I might be tempted to ask Jesus why he was so unkind to these men who had committed their lives to him, but that would be a mistake. Jesus was not being unkind, though it may sound that way to us, who are disadvantaged by the fact that we cannot see his face or hear the tone of his voice. Even if it did not sound harsh to the disciples, I think Jesus sounded serious. The issue of cowardice or fear is one that his disciples need to face and overcome.

    As if a perilous storm were not enough to evoke fear, when they beached their boat they found two extremely violent, horribly demonized men running toward them. It is as if they got out of The Perfect Storm just in time to enter The Exorcist. It was almost like Jesus was taking them through exposure therapy to help them overcome their fears.

    But in exposure therapy, people face their fears in a safe and controlled environment. That is hardly what I would call a violent storm at sea and violent demoniacs on land. But though that is not what I would call it, that is what it was. The disciples were safe because they were with Jesus.

    That is not to say that those disciples might not die. It is to say even when Jesus’s people die, they are safe with him. Nearly all the men in that boat, including Jesus, would go on to die unnatural and violent deaths. Jesus’s people may die, but they will not be unsafe, and because that is true they can overcome their fears.

    Fear is a barrier to what God wants to do in our lives. I do not write that as someone who long ago overcame his fears but as someone who wants to, and by God’s grace will, one day overcome them. Fear is the enemy of holiness, the barrier to success, and the thief of joy. No wonder the Bible has the words “Do not fear” more than one hundred times, along with something like 365 verses related to the subject. Fear is a big deal, and God does not want it to hinder his work in and through us.

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    The Church Avoids Division (Acts 15)

    The first church council was held in Jerusalem near the middle of the first century. The stakes were high. The issue was complicated. People’s emotions were intense. Yet the apostles and elders followed a process that enabled them to reach a conclusion without dividing the church.

    In this sermon, we will see what that process was and how the church moved forward despite disagreements.

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    Beyond the Big Bang: Christ as the Source of Two Creations

    Photo by NASA Hubble Space Telescope

    Scientists tell us that the entire universe came into existence in an instant from a single point (“singularity” in cosmological lingo), but according to the Bible, the entire universe came into being from a single person. Christ is the singularity out of which the first creation sprang and from which a new creation is emerging. He is the door between the spiritual and the material, between the eternal and the temporal. It is a door that opens both ways, allowing the material to come out of the spiritual and the spiritual to come out of the material.

    In 2 Corinthians 5:17, the Apostle Paul says that anyone “in Christ” is a new creation. Do you see what that means? It means that the new creation has already begun. Jesus’s resurrection marked day one of the new creation. As Chesterton put it, on the third day when the disciples came to the empty tomb, “even they hardly realized that the world had died in the night. What they were looking at was the first day of a new creation…”[1]

    Just like the old creation, the new creation comes into being through Christ: “Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been” – or ever will be – “made” (John 1:2). Both the old creation and the new come into existence through Christ. We live in a historically unique period, the period of overlap between the old age and the new. The old creation is hanging on while the new creation is coming in.

    What is true of this unique period is also true of us who have the Spirit of Christ: the old person we once were is hanging on at the same time the new person is emerging. The Christian lives in the overlap period between the old age and the new, and the overlap between old and new age lives in the Christian.

    That can be frustrating and tiring. Becoming a new person, or as is more like it for Jesus’s followers, growing into the new person we already are, does not happen without our participation. God, remarkably enough, has given us an important role in the process of our own new creation. That role, limited as it is and completely dependent upon what God has already done, bestows a dignity upon us that we have not merited. But then, how could it be otherwise, since everything is of grace?

    We cannot yet comprehend the new person we are becoming, any more than the infant can comprehend the mature adult she is becoming. The only way to understand is to become, and becoming seems such a slow process (though it will speed up enormously at the resurrection). Bonhoeffer says of the Christian: “…their true life is not yet made manifest, but hidden with Christ in God. Here they see no more than the reflection of what they shall be … They are still hidden from themselves, and their left hand knows not what their right hand does … But when Christ, who is their life, shall be manifested, then they too shall be manifested with him in glory.”[2]

    In order to play our role in this new and (according to St. Paul) glorious creation, we must be connected to the massive power source that lies behind creation, a power source that is also a person. We must connect to Christ.

    When we do so, he conducts power to us. We do not fully understand how, but it comes to us through the Holy Spirit. This power, unlike electrical or nuclear power, is animating by nature. It supplies the new creation’s life and vitality.

    Paul writes about this new creation to the Ephesians, where he states that we “are God’s handiwork” (workmanship, “masterpiece” per Hoehner), “created in Christ Jesus to do good works…” Paul is here talking about God’s new creation, which, like his first creation, is accomplished “in Christ Jesus.”

    The phrase translated as “to do good works” in the NIV is worth contemplation. In Greek, a more literal rendering might be “on” or “upon” (Gk., epi) “good works.” Protestant interpreters go out of their way to say that the good works do not make a person a new creation, but rather the person who is a new creation does the good works.

    Nevertheless, our participation in the good works God has prepared may contribute to the completion of this new creation. Though we are already a part of the new creation by virtue of new birth/regeneration, we are not yet completed, as many New Testament passages demonstrate (Philippians 3:12; James 1:4; 1 John 2:5). God has given us the honor and privilege of participating in our own completion.

    How? By, among other things, walking in the good works he has prepared for us to do. By recognizing them and doing them. We don’t do these good works in order to be completed but because we trust in God, yet in doing them, God’s work in us is advanced. But it must be remembered that it is God’s work, not ours. We are graciously allowed to participate in it, and our participation makes a real difference. But God is the one who prepared good works that fit us perfectly. He is the one who prepared us for those good works. He is the genius behind the new creation.

    Finish, then, thy new creation;
    Pure and spotless let us be;
    Let us see thy great salvation
    Perfectly restored in thee;
    Changed from glory into glory
    Till in Heav’n we take our place,
    Till we cast our crowns before thee,
    Lost in wonder, love, and praise!

    (Charles Wesley, 1747)


    [1] G. K. Chesterton, The Everlasting Man, part 2, chapter 3.

    [2] From Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s sermon, “Risen with Christ” (Colossians 3:1–4).

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    The Conversion of St. Paul (Acts 9)

    In this sermon, we learn that God can use any circumstance in which we find ourselves – even ones we hate – to serve his purpose. We also learn that God can use us in any circumstance in which we find ourselves. The conversion of the Apostle Paul has much to teach us about God … and ourselves. It is profoundly encouraging.

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